Umbutho wophuhliso lolwazi oluphezulu nophuhliso kunxibelelwano kwezochwephesho
Village Scribe Association
Ukulwa Inklupheko Nomsebenzi Wokuphuhlisa
Ngo-2000 inkqubo yoPhuhliso yoMbutho waMazwe Amanyeneyo yaqalisa i-project yokuphelisa intlupheko ngo-2015. Logama intlupheko ngokunokwayo inokuchazwa ngabantu, i-UNDP iqwalasele iimpawu zentlupheko njengendlala, izifo kunye nokunqaba kwemfundo (ukungaqondi). Nyanisweni ezi zingwaki ezisemqoka eziza nentlupheko. Ngoku, ngokungaphezulu kwesiqingatha senkqubo, ikhangeleka ngathi inkqubela yenziwa kancinane kuphela e-Afrika. Esona sizathu soku kukho uxhathiso olondeleyo lwenguquko kwiziseko zoluntu. Kukho imiqobo eliqela ukuze kufezekiswe umbono we-UNDP. Iingxaki zomsebenzi zizikhuphela ngaphandle iindawo ezihlelelekileyo kwintshukumo esekuhleni (kungoko kusithiwa Marginalised Rural Areas – MRAs). Oorhulumente ngokunokwaba banokugxekwa ngemithetho ekhuthaza ubungxowa-nkulu okwenza ingxowa-mali ifumaneke ngobuqhophololo nokubawa. Kunzima ukubona i-UN ngokunokwayo njengeziko elophulelayo izisa ubuchule obukhwazayo obuvela ngaphandle ingayiphelisi igxaki ngaphakathi ngokuquka iqeqeshe umphakathi ngokufanelekileyo. Kodwa ezi ziziboniso zengxaki enzulu, ekukuba bambalwa kakhulu abasebenza behlala kwezondawo abakholelwayo ukuba ezingxaki zazemaphandleni zingalungiswa. Kanti ke, abantu abaninzi abahlala emaphandleni bakholelwa ngokwabo ukuba abanamsebenzi yaye abakwazi kuguqula neziphina kwezingxaki. Oku kukhokelela kwimfuduko eya ezidolophini ezinkulu.
Living Conditions and Problems of the MRAs
Ngulombono, obangela naziphina iinzame zokuncedisa ezo-MRAs (ekuhlala khona uninzi lwabantu base-Afrika eSub-Sahara) kubenzima, ikwayilendlela yokucinga ekunyanzelekileyo iguqulwe kunye noqobo lwengxaki zezinto ezisemhlabeni, ulawulo olugwenxa, njalonjalo. Sikholelwa ukuba abantu badalwe bandweba, banengqondo kwaye banebhongo ngabakufezileyo. Kwi-MRAs ezidlakazwe yindlala, zizifo neziswele izifuno, obubunjani bendalo abufundiswa sisikolo sobomi, ekuphela kwesikolo esiqhubekayo apho. Isikolo sobomi sinemizekelo embalwa efundileyo esiyigcinileyo, kuba uninzi lwamalungu omphakathi abafumani mfundo ngaphandle kweetitshala, oomongikazi nabagcini-mthetho. Ezizifundiswa, ngokomthetho, azidingi izidanga zasedyunivesiti. Iminyakana embalwa kwiziko loqeqesho yanele.
Abasebenzi bophuhliso kwezindawo bankelwa ngezandla ezishushu kukhangeleka ngathi nangendlela entle. Kodwa abasekuhlaleni boyikiswa kakhulu luphuhliso olungxamileyo: “Inguquko ngoba? Kuyelwa ntoni kwindawo yokungazi apho imithetho emidala ingasasebenziyo khona?“ Nangona bethetha ulwimi olunye nabasebenzi bophuhliso, abawuqondi umyalezo. Awukho tu kumava abo. Ngaphezulu, ukuqinisekisa ngendima yophuhliso kuma xa abasebenzi bophuhliso besimka, beshiya imibuzo esemqoka ingaphendulwanga ntoleyo edelisa umsebenzi wophuhliso.
Umxholo welicwecwe kukucacisa ngoMbutho wabaMmeli beLali kumntu ongenalwazi ngezinto ze-ICT4D, ukuze baqonde ngeenjongo zalenkqubo, ngokuba zingafunyanwa njani ezi nokuba uMmeli weLali angenza ntoni ngoko. Ofundayo anganakho, esebenzisa okuqulathwe apha, ukulandela okuqalithiweyo, imizekelo kunye nobunyani ukuze bazigqibele ngokunokwabo ukuba iziqulatho zinesihlahla na. Ekujongwe kubo ngabaseNtshonalanga e-Europe.
Ubugcisa be-IT kunye ne-Internet njengeThuba
Siyabona ukuba ubuchwepheshe balemihla buzisa amathuba amakhulu kwiindawo ezihlelelekileyo ezinentlupheko zasemaphandleni nethemba lokucutha umnatha weengxaki otsalela ezindawo phantsi ngokukhawuleza okukhulu kunokulindelekiyo ngezinye iindlela. Ngokungaphandle kokuba ii-computer zizisa ulwazi lwehlabathi nokuncokola nehlabathi lilonke, zikwangumfanekiso onamandla wenkqubela, wamathuba kunye nobunganga. Kulendawo yokugqibela, zikwazizikhuthazi zemiphakathi iyonke izive ixhotyisiwe yaye inakho ukukhawulelana neengxaki. Kutheni ingabantwana abazifumanisa zinomtsalane izixhobo zobuchwepheshe balemihla, ezinjengeemfonomfono eziphathwayo nee-computer? Isiqhelo sabo sokuqava nobuchule bengqondo azikonakali yaye ezizixhobo zilola iingcinga zabo ngendlela ethe ngqo. Basafuna okohlukileyo kunye nezisombululo ezitsha zeengxaki ezindala. Ukuba esisizukulwana sabahlali base-Afrika bangakhula bengenankolelo yokuba banamandla okwenza inguquko kwiingingqi zabo kuphela, koko benezinye izixhobo ezifunekayo zalomsebenzi, ukuthi: benakho ukufunda kwaye benakho ukuncokola, ngoko ke lungenziwa utshintsho kwimeko yesiqhelo (ngokuphikisana neenzame zangaphambili ebezisenza impumelelo nje engephi nangona bezikhwaza kakhulu ngasemalini nakwixesha). Ngoncedo lwe-Internet nolwazi lokuba isetyenziswa njani, lomkhuba selesiwuchazile ngentla wokubuyela kundalashe emveni kokuba i-project inikezelwe kumphakathi unganqandwa – nangona sekungekho ukuqinisekiswa ngabasebenzi bophuhliso. Umvuzo ofumaneka ekusetyenzisweni kwezizixhobo zitsha wanele ukungqinisisa umkhwa walemfundo intsha. Undwendwelo lokukhangela kumele lubekho ke kodwa, kodwa oko ingangabi yinto yarhoqo.
Okufunekayo ngoku kukuqonda kokuba ubuchwepheshe be-computer kunye nendlela ezinokunceda iimfuno zophuhliso lwabantwana kakhulu kwezindawo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba xa beshiywe ukuba bazibonele, abantwana bakufunda ngokwabo ubucukubhode obunxulumene nee-computer yaye bayakuludlulisa ulwazi kwiqela labo. Ezona ii-software ze-computer ezinethuba elikhulu lokuza neyona mfundiso kubabantwana azikaqwalaselwa ngokubanzi. Sinenkolelo yokuba i-software enobubanzi edibanisa indlalo, incoko kunye nobucukubhode beenjongo nemivuzo ezibambeka ngaphakathi eqeleni kuphela okanye ibe yeyangaphandle kwiqela yindlela eyakuthi ekugqibeleni yazisa abantwana kwiindlela ezintsha zokuzichaza kunye nemeko yabo. Loo-software iphendula iingcinga ezahlukeneyo zabantwana (ukufunda, ukubhala, ukucinga ngemifanekiso nokumamela ukuze bafunde imibhalo okanye umculo) nokuzotyiweyo ukucacisa izakhono ezitsha ezifundiweyo kogxa babo (ukuphinda ulwazi).
Okufundisa elinye ulwimi (umzekelo isiNgesi eMazantsi e-Afrika) ingagxinisiswa ngentsebenziswano nabalingane bezinye iilwimi zasekhaya kwezinye iindawo. i-Software enjalo ingawuphungula umthwalo kootitshala abakuxinzelelo nogkusebenzisa ngengqiqo ubucukubhode kwiincoko ezingaphazamisiyo (ekuthiwa zii-chats kwihlabathi lwee-computer) nokubonisa abantwana kumaphapha (homepages) abo. Imikhwa enjalo ingaphakamisa ibhongo ikhuthaze abantwana ukuba beze esikolweni bazokufunda ukuba bangaguqula izinto.